{"id":22394,"date":"2022-08-30T09:00:27","date_gmt":"2022-08-30T10:00:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.guidaeuroprogettazione.eu\/how-much-does-the-european-union-cost\/"},"modified":"2026-01-28T13:26:20","modified_gmt":"2026-01-28T14:26:20","slug":"how-much-does-the-european-union-cost","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/euknow.it\/en\/how-much-does-the-european-union-cost\/","title":{"rendered":"How much does the European Union cost?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Assessing the costs of the EU, its administrative structure and its benefits are recurring themes in public discourse. Let&#8217;s have clarity.<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<h2><b>European Union cost, many aspects to consider<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The recent government crisis <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and the heated political debate on many issues, including that of European funds and the potential &#8220;loss of opportunities&#8221; in case of delays on the NRP, bring to light a very frequent and debated question with broad and interesting implications: how much does Europe cost and (in parallel) how much does &#8220;non-Europe&#8221; cost?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/euknow.it\/en\/eu-funds-how-many-will-come-to-italy\/\">\n  <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">often happens<\/span>\n<\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> when (seemingly simple) questions deal with numerical data, a small introduction of methodological clarification is necessary.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The question can be rephrased in at least two different ways, resulting in different answers, both of which are meaningful and complementary:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">How much does European administration cost and how effective is it compared to other administrative systems?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What costs and benefits does membership in the European Union imply for a country and its citizens?<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We will try to answer both questions. For both, we will try to clarify the margin of variability in the data, based on the parameters considered and assessments that are not in all cases purely arithmetic.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>Costs and effectiveness of European administration<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The first, more circumscribed question concerns the costs of the European &#8220;administrative machine&#8221; compared to its national and local counterparts. In analyzing the data, certain factors should be kept in mind that structurally distinguish the European &#8220;administrative machine&#8221; from other national and local &#8220;administrative machines.&#8221;<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The European Union serves a population of nearly half a billion, an order of magnitude much larger than any other existing administration in Europe; to which must be added beneficiaries from third countries, the European Union also being the main funder of international cooperation projects (we have <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/euknow.it\/fr\/guida\/pour-lorientation\/aux-sources-des-projets-europeens\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">discussed here<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">);<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The European Union has a smaller and more circumscribed scope than other state, regional or local governments. For example, it does not directly manage the educational, health and infrastructure apparatus of a local organisations. This has an impact on cost structure (the vast majority of the EU budget is spent directly on projects) and administrative structure (leaner than others);<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The multinational nature of the European Union means that its administrative structure has additional costs compared to that of its national counterparts (travel, officials&#8217; trips to Brussels, translations and interpreting into 24 official languages, etc.).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Having said that, let us try to compare the 2022 budget of three different administrations: the<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/IT\/TXT\/PDF\/?uri=CELEX:32022B0182&amp;from=EN\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n  <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">European Union<\/span>\n<\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rgs.mef.gov.it\/_Documenti\/VERSIONE-I\/Attivit--i\/Bilancio_di_previsione\/Bilancio_semplificato\/Marzo-2022\/LB_2022-2024.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n  <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Italian State<\/span>\n<\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.comune.roma.it\/web-resources\/cms\/documents\/ALLEGATO_A_-_Bilancio_di_previsione_finanziario_2022-2024.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n  <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Municipality of Rome<\/span>\n<\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (source documents can be accessed through the respective links).<\/span><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">European Union<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Italian State<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Municipality of Rome<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Total budget (millions of \u20ac)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">167.516<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1.093.956<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">13.924<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Administrative expenses (millions of \u20ac) (*)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">11.058<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">421.169<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2.022<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Administrative expenses\/total expenses (%)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">7%<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">38%<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">15%<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Total budget\/inhabitants (\u20ac per inhabitant)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">375<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">18.547<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">5.048<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Admin expenditure \/ inhabitants (\u20ac per inhabitant)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">25<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">7.141<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">733<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(*) N.B.: Administrative expenses are recorded differently in the three reference documents. The amount related to the City of Rome may be underestimated, the amount related to the Italian state overestimated. However, the data give an indicative idea of orders of magnitude. Specifically:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The European Union has a specific heading (&#8220;European public administration&#8221;) that includes all expenditures and salaries that are administrative and managerial in nature, i.e., not earmarked for specific interventions;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Italian state does not have a special rubric, so administrative expenses are calculated by summing the rubrics &#8220;salaries&#8221; and &#8220;current transfers to PA.&#8221;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The City of Rome has a special heading (&#8220;institutional, general and management services&#8221;), but this does not include administrative expenses specifically dedicated to the other headings.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Based on these data and assumptions, we can conclude that:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The budget of the European Union is relatively &#8220;small&#8221;: it is about 15 percent of that of the Italian state, while covering a population almost 8 times larger. The Union&#8217;s per capita spending is negligible compared to that of other administrations;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The weight of administrative and management expenses the European Union (salaries, operation of the institutions, etc.) in the total budget is very low compared to that of the other institutions: it is 7 percent, compared to an average of about 25 percent, indicative of a particularly lean administrative structure.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">European Union interventions, in member states and around the world, are managed by an administrative structure that &#8220;costs&#8221; 11 billion a year, which is less than the annual budget of the City of Rome (nearly 14 billion).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These and other quantitative considerations are also analyzed in <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/info\/strategy\/eu-budget\/eu-budget-added-value\/fact-check_en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n  <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">a separate page<\/span>\n<\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">  by the European Commission. In contrast, qualitative assessment of a public administration&#8217;s effectiveness is a more complex, multidimensional issue that cannot be reduced to simple numerical aspects.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The comparative effectiveness of EU public administration seems to be confirmed, first and foremost, by a greater weight of intervention spending compared to purely administrative spending (although, as mentioned above, this also depends on the characteristics and particular scope of the EU administration compared to its national and local counterparts).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In addition, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/gov\/budgeting\/budgeting-and-performance-in-the-eu-oecd-review.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n  <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">a special study by the OECD<\/span>\n<\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">  (2017) attested to a greater presence and use in the community system of &#8220;performance budgeting&#8221; structures, models and procedures (in which the allocation of resources is conditioned by the outcomes of the policies that are financed with those resources). The OECD has calculated that the application index for &#8220;performance budgeting&#8221; in the community is about 70 percent, is higher than both the OECD average (about 55 percent) and the index for Italy (about 25 percent).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Moreover, the same study indicates that in 50 percent of cases the effectiveness of the financial framework of EU-funded programs can be assessed as better than that of nationally funded programs; in 42 percent as similar or hardly comparable; and in only 8 percent of cases as less good.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Even with all the possible improvements (highlighted by the same <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/gov\/budgeting\/budgeting-and-performance-in-the-eu-oecd-review.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n  <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">OECD study<\/span>\n<\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">), we can therefore conclude that <\/span><b>the EU uses a much smaller and relatively better managed budget<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">  Than national and local governments. It does so in each case by applying the so-called principle of subsidiarity, that is, its powers intervene only if the same function cannot be performed as effectively at a lower level, closer to the citizen.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>Costs and benefits of membership in the European Union<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The second question we identified is broader and aims to analyze the costs and benefits of EU membership for a country and its citizens. Even more than for the previous question, the question is difficult to solve with a simple arithmetic calculation.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">However, let us begin by showing estimates of an arithmetic calculation that is often proposed in media discourse: how much do states &#8220;give&#8221; and how much do they &#8220;receive&#8221; from the European Union in terms of financial outlays? Estimates (in billions of euros) indicate that in 2017.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">  Germany (+13), the United Kingdom (+7.5), France (+4.5), Italy (+4) and the Netherlands (+3.5) were, in terms of transfers, the main &#8220;net contributors&#8221; to the European Union; Poland (-8), Greece (-4), Romania (-3.5), Hungary (-3) and Portugal (-2.5) were the main &#8220;net recipients.&#8221;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What is the value of this arithmetic estimate? We respond with some comparative data:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As we mentioned above, the annual budget of the Italian state has an order of magnitude of one trillion euros: Italy&#8217;s four billion &#8220;surplus&#8221; with respect to the EU represents 0.4 percent of Italy&#8217;s annual spending. It is a lower share than in many other European countries and in some ways &#8220;structural,&#8221; being related to the economic size and income level of our country;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As explained in a <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/euknow.it\/en\/what-is-the-absorption-capacity-of-eu-funds-and-where-are-we\/\">\n  <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">appropriate post<\/span>\n<\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, Italy&#8217;s poor &#8220;absorption capacities&#8221; regularly generate a &#8220;loss&#8221; of tens of billions of euros, in terms of available and unspent EU funds. Thus, the main problem is not the amount of EU transfers received by Italy, but their effective use;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Specific events, such as the launch of NGEU and the Recovery and Resilience Device, can radically change the global picture: within this framework, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/euknow.it\/en\/eu-funds-how-many-will-come-to-italy\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Italy will benefit<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of about 70 billion euros in grants and about 120 billion euros in concessional loans, the cost of which is fully covered by EU sources.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The arithmetic figure thus has a very relative weight in the overall economics of Italian finances and European funds as a whole.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The analysis becomes more significant when considering the benefits of European Union membership and the use of the euro: aspects that can be explored in more detail in Chapter 1.2. of the Guide and on special publications of the European Commission (on the  <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/european-union.europa.eu\/priorities-and-actions\/achievements_it\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n  <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">achievements of the EU<\/span>\n<\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">; on the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/op.europa.eu\/webpub\/com\/eu-in-12-lessons\/it\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n  <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">achievements of European integration<\/span>\n<\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">; on the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/european-union.europa.eu\/institutions-law-budget\/euro\/benefits_it\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n  <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">advantages of the euro<\/span>\n<\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">). We mention some of them, which are purely economic in nature<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Business access to a single market of nearly half a billion people, a unique opportunity for economic development and attracting investment;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Membership in one of the world&#8217;s largest trading blocs, able to obtain better terms in international trade;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Price stability, low inflation, better protection from international fluctuations, better access to financial markets thanks to the euro.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To these purely economic aspects can, of course, be added many others that are equally important, such as lasting peace between European countries, common and world-leading measures to protect citizens&#8217; rights, freedom to move, live, communicate and work in Europe, and belonging to a system of values that is a benchmark in the world in terms of social, environmental, development aid and human and technological progress.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">An original and complementary perspective in this analysis is the strand of studies on the &#8220;<\/span><b>cost of non-Europe<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8220;: that is, the study of the economic and social benefits lost by each of the member states due to the failure to establish unique, coherent and integrated solutions at the European level in various areas (economic, trade, infrastructure, social, etc.).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The first such study dates back to the 1980s and was entrusted by Commission President Jacques Delors to economist Paolo Cecchini.  <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This methodology was taken up in 2014 by the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/etudes\/join\/2014\/510983\/IPOL-EAVA_ET(2014)510983_IT.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n  <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">European Parliament services<\/span>\n<\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, to set subsequent priorities for European action and programming. The new study estimated that the EU economy could achieve improvements of about 800 billion euros (6 percent of EU GDP) over time through common, EU-managed measures (listed below by policy area).<\/span><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Digital single market<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">260<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Single market for consumers and citizens<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">235<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Completion of financial markets<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">60<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Transatlantic trade agreement<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">60<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Integrated energy market<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">50<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Banking Union <\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">35<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Coordination of fiscal policies<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">31<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Common deposit guarantee<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">30<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Common security and defense<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">26<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Minimum insurance-unemployment<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">15<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Equal pay for equal work<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">13<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">VAT and tax evasion<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">7<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fighting gender-based violence<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">7<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Single transport space<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">5<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Worker consultation<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">3<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Other<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Total (billions of euros)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">839<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In 2020, the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ecb.europa.eu\/pub\/pdf\/scpwps\/ecb.wp2392~83000b6b14.en.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">economists of the European Central Bank<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> took Cecchini&#8217;s study even further, estimating that the introduction of the Single Market in Europe (thus the EU&#8217;s single most typically &#8220;economic&#8221; measure) increased EU GDP per capita by between 12 percent and 22 percent (i.e., by about 2.4 trillion euros, applying the necessary proportions to the data given above).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Other even more specific and up-to-date aspects related to this strand of studies can be <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/epthinktank.eu\/author\/eprseava\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n  <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">explored in depth in a separate platform<\/span>\n<\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">  curated by the research service of the European Parliament. To find out, for example, what is the &#8220;cost of non-Europe&#8221; in the area:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">of <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/STUD\/2022\/699475\/EPRS_STU(2022)699475_EN.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n  <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">digital technologies<\/span>\n<\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span> <\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">of <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/STUD\/2021\/694222\/EPRS_STU(2021)694222_EN.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n  <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">energy systems<\/span>\n<\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span> <\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">of <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/IDAN\/2020\/642837\/EPRS_IDA(2020)642837_EN.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n  <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">fight against Coronavirus<\/span>\n<\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span> <\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">in the area <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/BRIE\/2019\/631730\/EPRS_BRI(2019)631730_EN.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n  <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">freedoms, security and justice<\/span>\n<\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span> <\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">in the areas of <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/STUD\/2019\/631736\/EPRS_STU(2019)631736_EN.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n  <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">migration<\/span>\n<\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, of <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/STUD\/2018\/627117\/EPRS_STU(2018)627117_EN.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n  <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">asylum policies<\/span>\n<\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/STUD\/2018\/621817\/EPRS_STU(2018)621817_EN.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n  <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">counter-terrorism<\/span>\n<\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. <\/span> <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As obviously more complex as the issues in this second analysis are, all the data and research suggest that the benefits of the EU are far greater than any costs; and that indeed, the real cost to European citizens and member states is rather that of &#8220;non-Europe.&#8221;<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>European Union cost: in conclusion<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A seemingly simple question (How much does the European Union cost?) generated a very broad and multifaceted response: as it should have because, as we have seen, this is a complex issue that in some cases is simplified or presented incompletely, if not instrumentally. We summarize the main findings below:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The EU administration has peculiar characteristics compared to other national or local administrations. Compared to them, it uses a much smaller budget (15 percent of that of the Italian state, while covering a population 8 times larger) and has proportionately very low administrative expenses (it uses 93 percent of the budget for direct interventions). It also uses its resources relatively better than administrations in European countries;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Incoming and outgoing transfers between the EU and member states do not generate a situation of perfect balance, but the discrepancy (e.g., between how much Italy gives and how much Italy receives from the EU) is insubstantial when all factors are taken into account (income differences between member states, poor &#8220;absorptive capacity&#8221; that nullifies the impact of funds received, availability of exceptional resources such as NGEU);<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The economic and social benefits of EU membership in every case, and by far, outweigh the related direct or indirect costs. The single market (with its various implications) has brought a quantifiable benefit of about 2.4 trillion euros (18 percent of EU GDP). Further joint actions in various sectoral areas may bring additional benefits, quantifiable in additional hundreds of billions of euros (&#8220;costs of non-Europe&#8221;).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We hope this article will help improve common understanding regarding the use and impact of the EU budget on European citizens-a general topic, but an important one for those who work with European funds every day.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Assessing the costs of the EU, its administrative structure and its benefits are recurring themes in public discourse. Let&#8217;s have clarity.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":30281,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[731,2199],"tags":[2341,2317],"class_list":["post-22394","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-archive-archive","category-archive-news","tag-eu-institutions-and-policies","tag-faq-en"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/euknow.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22394","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/euknow.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/euknow.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/euknow.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/euknow.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=22394"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/euknow.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22394\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":33775,"href":"https:\/\/euknow.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22394\/revisions\/33775"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/euknow.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/30281"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/euknow.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=22394"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/euknow.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=22394"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/euknow.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=22394"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}